Get the latest news on celebrity scandals, engagements, and divorces! Check out our breaking stories on Hollywood?s hottest stars! The zombietime blog. Threats in other settings (i.e. Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly.com. ![]() August 2011. EDITOR’S CUT. A procedural and methodological analysis of the Tabata protocol. NUTRITION & EXERCISE. Pan A, et al. Red meat consumption and. ![]() Uncategorized. March 2. The beauty of science is that is self- correcting. When a study is published, others get to scrutinize the data and methods. When issues arise, the scientific community gets to discuss and debate the findings, and when appropriate, challenge their veracity. Recently, I collaborated with some of the world’s top sports scientists on a letter to the editor about a study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, that showed an extremely large anabolic effect to consuming a supplement containing HMB+ATP. We wrote an extensive letter that covered our issues with the paper in hopes of seeking truth in science. However, we had to substantially cut down our response to conform to the journal’s policy of allowed only 4. This watered down our points so that the true impact was markedly diminished. Thus, I wanted to present the unedited version of our letter here so that further discussion can be had on the topic. Only through discourse can we maintain confidence in the research process and facilitate true evidence- based practice. Extraordinary changes in body composition and performance with supplemental HMB- FA+ATPStuart M. Phillips, Ph. D., Mc. Master University. Alan Aragon, M. S., California State University, Northridge. Shawn M. Arent, Ph. D., Rutgers University. Graeme L. Close, Ph. D., Liverpool John Moores University. D. Lee Hamilton, Ph. D., University of Stirling. The Skeptics’ Guide to the Universe is produced by SGU Productions, LLC – dedicated to promoting critical thinking, reason, and the public understanding of. To link to this poem, put the URL below into your page: <a href="http:// of Myself by Walt Whitman</a> Plain for. The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe is a weekly science podcast discussing the latest science news, critical thinking, bad science, conspiracies and controversies. Robert Lustig, professor of pediatrics at the University of California at San Francisco, is the star of the video above. While he presents some material that’s. Eric R. Helms, M. S., M. Phil, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand. Jeremy P. Loenneke, Ph. D., The University of Mississippi. Layne Norton, Ph. D., Owner Bio. Layne LLCMichael J. Ormsbee, Ph. D., Florida State University. Craig Sale, Ph. D., Nottingham- Trent University. Brad J. Schoenfeld, Ph. D., Lehman College. Abbie Smith- Ryan Ph. D., University of North Carolina. Kevin D. Tipton, Ph. D., University of Stirling. Matthew D. Vukovich, Ph. D., South Dakota State University. Colin Wilborn, Ph. D., University of Mary Hardin- Baylor. Darryn Willoughby, Ph. D. Baylor University. The authors of this letter read with skepticism the recent report from Lowery et al. Lowery et al. Our skepticism of the results reported by Lowery et al. However, our collective disbelief of these data rests on the collective experience of the authors of this letter, who have conducted more than 6. Lowery et al. As opposed to the often- observed heterogeneity in resistance training- induced hypertrophy, Lowery et al. What makes this more remarkable in that this was seen in a total of 1. HMB- FA+ATP). We are particularly nonplussed on this point since the sharp . And thus the difference is due, ostensibly, to two compounds (HMB- FA and/or ATP), which have been studied previously and resulted in a trivial training- induced adaptive advantage (1. Would the authors be willing to share subjects’ individual data? We ask since the mean gain in lean body mass in the supplemented group was ~8. This is also an astounding gain of lean body mass when one considers that the subjects were previously resistance- trained and so would have had less propensity to gain lean body mass (1. We could not ascertain the absolute values for the beginning and final values for body composition and so readers would have to make assumptions (since the reported data were incomplete and given as percentages) as to how much body composition changed. Would the authors be willing to present these data? We are aware of a previous letter from Hyde et al. Thus, our concern is clearly shared by others and, given the number and research experience of the authors on this letter, quite widespread. Importantly, however, a number of studies discussed by Lowery et al. Thus, while . Further, what is revealing is the astonishing performance differences reported by Lowery et al. That is, why did HMB- FA+ATP impart an astonishing ? It is important to understand the limitations of dual- energy x- ray absorptiometry (DXA), which derives by difference fat- and bone- free mass, which is a variable that is not equivalent to muscle (6, 1. The limitations of DXA and ultrasound, the two muscle- based outcome measures have been clearly outlined in a recent review (6). As stated, DXA “Cannot specifically discern skeletal muscle mass . For ultrasound, “Technical skill required. Excess transducer pressure and orientation can influence muscle size measurements. Identification of reproducible measurement sites critical. Care needed to make sure muscle is in relaxed state. Conditions such as proximity to exercise bout, hydration, are important to control” (6). Lowery et al. It would be useful for readers if Lowery et al. In the response to Hyde et al (7) Lowery et al. Can the authors please detail the screening process describing how many subjects were recruited and screened, final entered the study, and dropouts, to reach this number of subjects meeting these criteria and who completed the protocol? Please also clarify if the subjects were randomised to treatment and placebo groups or pair matched based on body mass, lean body mass, strength or other variable. The only form of HMB for which there is plausible data showing a mechanistic underpinning for its potential role aiding in muscle protein turnover is for calcium- HMB (1. We are unaware of any similar proof- of- principle mechanistic data for the free acid form of HMB despite apparently greater bioavailability and uptake (into what tissue is unclear) (4). Do the authors know of any data showing that HMB- FA has a similar credible effect as calcium- HMB on human muscle protein turnover (1. We note that leucine had the same anabolic effects as calcium- HMB (1. We also note that dietary protein can exert a positive effect on gains in muscle mass with resistance training (1) and yet the placebo group did not appear to respond at all to the overreaching phase. As another ingredient of the supplement used by Lowery et al (1. ATP would appear to be, given an extraordinarily low bioavailability (2), to be unusable. However, we note that Wilson et al. This seems to us highly improbable given that oral ATP even up to doses of 5. Thus, as opposed to an inconsequential increase in post- exercise blood flow induced by the ATP (8) in the HMB- FA+ATP supplemented group, we find it biologically implausible that 4. ATP would exert any effect on processes leading to enhanced performance let alone hypertrophy. What is remarkable is that given the expert dietary advice and total protein intake of the subjects studied, the optimal training program, and . Moreover, that these differences are statistically significant in such a small sample of subjects and ascribed to an, as yet, mechanistically untested form of HMB and a biologically unavailable quantity of ATP. We ask, in accordance with all reasonable guidelines regarding full disclosure of potential conflicts of interest now in place at many journals (including the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research – http: //journals. Pages/Instructionsfor. Authors. aspx – accessed Oct 1, 2. Dr. Wilson and Mr. Lowery disclose here whether they have ever received travel expenses, stipends, or honoraria, or shares associated with their work and the companies involved with ATP and/or HMB and/or whether they or their spouses have any public or private interests with Metabolic Technologies, Inc. This is not an accusation and we fully accept that neither Dr. Wilson nor Mr. Lowery may have ever received such support, but believe this is an honest and reasonable question to ask on both scientific and ethical grounds (5) and it is standard practice to make such disclosures. Reference List. 1. Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance- type exercise training: a meta- analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 9. Oral bioavailability of ATP after prolonged administration. Br J Nutr 1. 05: 3. Deliberate overfeeding in women and men: energy cost and composition of the weight gain. Br J Nutr 5. 6: 1- 9, 1. Free acid gel form of beta- hydroxy- beta- methylbutyrate (HMB) improves HMB clearance from plasma in human subjects compared with the calcium HMB salt. Br J Nutr 1. 05: 3. Can We Trust Positive Findings of Intervention Research? The Role of Conflict of Interest. Prev Sci 2. 01. 6. Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia. Proc Nutr Soc 7. 4: 3. Interaction of beta- hydroxy- betmethylbutyrate free acid and adenosine triphosphate on muscle mass, strength, and power, in resistance trianed invidividuals. Oral adenosine- 5. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 1. Creatine and beta- hydroxy- beta- methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight- training program. Nutrition 1. 7: 5. Interaction of Beta- Hydroxy- Beta- Methylbutyrate Free Acid and Adenosine Triphosphate on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Power in Resistance Trained Individuals. J Strength Cond Res 3. Neither load nor systemic hormones determine resistance training- mediated hypertrophy or strength gains in resistance- trained young men. J Appl Physiol (1. Lean tissue imaging: a new era for nutritional assessment and intervention. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 3. Effects of beta- hydroxy- beta- methylbutyrate supplementation during resistance training on strength, body composition, and muscle damage in trained and untrained young men: a meta- analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2. Effects of in- season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players. Int J Sport Nutr 9: 1. Effects of leucine and its metabolite beta- hydroxy- beta- methylbutyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. J Physiol 5. 91: 2. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass, and strength. Amino Acids 3. 2: 4. Effects of oral adenosine- 5. Nutr Metab (Lond) 1. The effects of 1. Eur J Appl Physiol 1. Exercise, Fitness, Nutrition. March 2, 2. 01. 7Anoop Balachandran Ph. D & Brad Schoenfeld Ph.
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